SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 represented a significant public health threat.
• MERS-CoV, originating from dromedary camels, has demonstrated concerning transmission patterns, including travel-related spread and nosocomial outbreaks.
• High case-fatality rates underscore the urgent need for effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV transmission and pathogenesis.
• To discuss the advancements in developing countermeasures against emerging coronaviruses.
• To provide an overview of the current state of therapeutic and prophylactic measures.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature on MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV epidemiology and pathogenesis.
• Analysis of data on viral transmission routes and clinical manifestations.
• Evaluation of the current development status of vaccines and therapeutics.

Main Results:

• Detailed understanding of MERS-CoV transmission from dromedary camels and human-to-human spread.
• Insights into the pathogenesis of both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV.
• Progress in the development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.

Conclusions:

• Continued vigilance and research are crucial for controlling MERS-CoV and future coronavirus threats.
• Scientific advancements have accelerated the development of countermeasures.
• A comprehensive approach combining epidemiological control and therapeutic development is essential.