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Related Concept Videos

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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
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A Minimally Invasive Method for Generating a Syngeneic Orthotopic Mouse Model of Lung Cancer
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Lessons learned using different mouse models during space radiation-induced lung tumorigenesis experiments.

Jian Wang1, Xiangming Zhang1, Ping Wang1

  • 1Departments of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Life Sciences in Space Research
|June 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Wild type mice with low spontaneous tumor development are ideal for studying space radiation-induced lung cancer risk. Circulating miR-21 may serve as a biomarker for predicting this risk in astronauts.

Keywords:
Linear energy transferLung tumorigenesisMouse modelSpace radiation

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Area of Science:

  • Astrobiology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Space radiation, including galactic cosmic rays (GCR), poses unique high-energy charged (HZE) particle risks to astronauts.
  • High uncertainty exists regarding the carcinogenesis risk from high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation due to limited human epidemiologic data.
  • Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, making the study of space radiation's impact on lung tumorigenesis critical for long-duration space missions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the optimal mouse model for evaluating space radiation-induced lung tumorigenesis.
  • To investigate the role of miR-21 in lung tissue and serum as a potential biomarker for radiation-induced lung cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of lung tumorigenesis across different mouse strains.
  • Quantification of miR-21 levels in lung tissue and serum samples.
  • Assessment of spontaneous tumorigenesis background in selected mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Wild type mice with a low spontaneous tumorigenesis background demonstrated suitability for space radiation-induced lung tumorigenesis studies.
  • Circulating miR-21 levels in serum showed potential as a predictive biomarker for lung tumorigenesis risk.
  • Differences in lung tumorigenesis and miR-21 expression were observed among various mouse strains.

Conclusions:

  • Wild type mice with low spontaneous tumor rates are recommended for space radiation carcinogenesis risk assessment.
  • Circulating miR-21 may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for predicting space radiation-induced lung cancer risk.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these findings for astronaut safety during space exploration.