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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Functions of Blood01:26

Characteristics and Functions of Blood

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Blood is specialized connective tissue comprising about 8% of the body mass. It has a thick, liquid extracellular matrix that contains cells, dissolved proteins, and electrolytes, making it five times more viscous than water. Blood is warm, around 38°C, and has an alkaline pH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.
The primary function of blood is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissues and the lungs. Oxygenated blood is bright red, while oxygen-depleted blood is darker. It also carries...
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Fluid Connective Tissues: Blood and Lymph01:20

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Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. They contain cells, also known as formed elements, circulating in a liquid extracellular matrix, the plasma. The formed elements are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Blood and lymph connect all vital parts and carry nutrients, oxygen, and other essential molecules like antibodies.
Blood
The blood flows through blood vessels— arteries, capillaries, and veins. Blood plasma is primarily made of proteins, solutes, and...
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Structure and Function of Leukocytes01:21

Structure and Function of Leukocytes

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An adult in good health typically has between 4,500 and 11,000 leukocytes, or white blood cells, per microliter of blood, which constitutes about 1% of the total blood volume. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells contain a nucleus and other cellular organelles but do not have hemoglobin. Most white blood cells reside in connective tissues, particularly in lymphatic organs such as the lymph nodes, with only a small fraction present in circulating blood.
White blood cells protect the body...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
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From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
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From GWAS to function: lessons from blood cells.

L J Vasquez1, A L Mann1, L Chen2

  • 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton UK.

ISBT Science Series
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PubMed
Summary

Genomewide association studies identified 145 genomic loci linked to blood cell formation. Research focuses on understanding how these genetic variants influence haematological traits and cell development.

Keywords:
blood traitsfunctiongenetic associationhaematopoiesis

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Hematology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Haematopoiesis is a key process of cell differentiation and lineage specification.
  • Genetic association studies are vital for uncovering genes and pathways in blood cell development.
  • Previous studies have laid the groundwork for understanding the genetic basis of haematopoiesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent findings from genomewide association studies (GWAS) in haematopoiesis.
  • To present strategies for addressing challenges in GWAS, such as identifying functional variants and genes.
  • To emphasize the utility of haematological trait variation studies for understanding GWAS-associated variants.

Main Methods:

  • Genomewide association studies (GWAS) were conducted across diverse ancestries.
  • Analysis focused on identifying genomic loci associated with red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet traits.
  • Strategies were developed to determine the functional and regulatory effects of genetic variants.

Main Results:

  • 145 genomic loci associated with haematological traits were identified.
  • Findings span European and other ancestries.
  • The study links specific genetic variants to the formation of different blood cell types.

Conclusions:

  • GWAS have significantly advanced the understanding of genetic factors influencing haematopoiesis.
  • Studying haematological trait variation offers a powerful model for functional genomics.
  • Further research can elucidate the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in blood cell development.