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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

423
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
423
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

510
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
510
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

855
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
855
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

885
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
885
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

1.1K
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
1.1K
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

985
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
985

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A Reverse Saddle Mitral Annulus Shape Explains Apparent Systolic Mitral Annular Disjunction in Mitral Valve Prolapse: A Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography Analysis.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels
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Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels

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Mitral valve repair.

Alberto Pozzoli1, Michele De Bonis1, Ottavio Alfieri1

  • 1Department of Heart Surgery, Vita-Salute University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

F1000Research
|June 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Mitral regurgitation (MR) management differs significantly between degenerative and functional types. Timely correction of degenerative MR improves life expectancy, while functional MR treatment outcomes remain debated.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Valvular Heart Disease

Background:

  • Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most prevalent valvular heart disease globally.
  • MR presents as organic (degenerative) or functional (cardiomyopathy-related), requiring distinct management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review optimal treatment strategies for degenerative and functional MR.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding etiology and mechanisms in guiding MR treatment.
  • To discuss the roles of the heart team and echocardiography in MR management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current surgical and percutaneous treatment options for MR.
  • Analysis of the natural history and prognostic impact of MR correction.
  • Emphasis on diagnostic modalities like echo imaging.
Keywords:
Mitral regurgitationMitral valvePercutaneous interventionTransesophageal echocardiography

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Main Results:

  • Severe degenerative MR has a poor prognosis without intervention, but correction normalizes life expectancy.
  • The prognostic value of correcting functional MR remains controversial.
  • Understanding MR etiology is crucial for treatment decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal management of MR necessitates differentiating between degenerative and functional etiologies.
  • Echocardiography and a collaborative heart team approach are vital for effective MR treatment.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the benefits of functional MR correction.