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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation
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Site-Specific Genome Engineering in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Sylvia Merkert1,2,3, Ulrich Martin4,5,6

  • 1Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany. merkert.sylvia@mh-hannover.de.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and therapies. Recent advances in genetic engineering, particularly engineered nucleases, enable precise modification of these valuable stem cells.

Keywords:
clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9human iPSCstargeted genome engineeringtranscription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs)

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Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genetic Engineering

Background:

  • Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer significant potential for clinical applications and research.
  • Human iPSCs and their derivatives are crucial for disease modeling, drug discovery, and toxicology.
  • Applications include bioartificial tissue engineering and cellular therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of genetic modification for pluripotent stem cells (PSCs).
  • To discuss recent advancements in safe and efficient genetic engineering technologies for PSCs.
  • To explore the expanding perspectives in biomedical research and cellular therapies enabled by these technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on genetic engineering technologies for pluripotent stem cells.
  • Focus on the application of engineered nucleases for targeted genome editing.
  • Discussion of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their derivatives.

Main Results:

  • Engineered nucleases provide efficient, site-specific, and safe methods for genetic modification of PSCs.
  • These advancements are critical for realizing the full potential of iPSCs in various applications.
  • New avenues for biomedical research and cellular therapies are opened.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic engineering of PSCs, particularly iPSCs, is indispensable for numerous applications.
  • Recent development of engineered nucleases has overcome previous limitations in PSC genetic modification.
  • These technologies are poised to revolutionize biomedical research and clinical therapies.