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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

4.4K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
4.4K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

1.3K
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.3K
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

478
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
478
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

539
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
539
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

1.2K
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure in Closed-chest Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Model in Göttingen Minipigs and Landrace Pigs
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Multimorbidity in Heart Failure: Effect on Outcomes.

Sheila M Manemann1, Alanna M Chamberlain1, Cynthia M Boyd2

  • 1Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|June 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Comorbidities significantly impact heart failure (HF) outcomes. Non-cardiovascular physical and mental health conditions, not just cardiovascular ones, increase the risk of death and hospitalization in HF patients.

Keywords:
epidemiologyheart failuremultimorbidityoutcomespopulation

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Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
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Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Geriatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is a complex condition often accompanied by multiple chronic illnesses (comorbidities).
  • Understanding the impact of different types and numbers of comorbidities on HF patient outcomes is crucial for effective management.
  • Previous research has primarily focused on cardiovascular comorbidities, potentially overlooking the influence of other conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how the number and specific types of comorbid conditions affect mortality and hospitalization rates in individuals newly diagnosed with heart failure.
  • To differentiate the impact of cardiovascular, other physical, and mental health comorbidities on heart failure prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cohort study was conducted in Olmsted County, Minnesota, including 1,714 residents diagnosed with incident heart failure between 2000 and 2010.
  • Data on 16 chronic conditions were collected at diagnosis, categorized into cardiovascular (CV), other physical, and mental health conditions.
  • Outcomes of death and hospitalization were tracked over a mean follow-up of 4.2 years, with statistical adjustments for relevant demographic and clinical factors.

Main Results:

  • Participants had an average of 2.6 CV-related, 1.3 other physical, and 0.3 mental health conditions.
  • Each additional other physical condition was linked to a 14% increased risk of death and a 26% increased risk of hospitalization.
  • Each additional mental health condition was associated with a 31% increased risk of death and an 18% increased risk of hospitalization.
  • While CV-related conditions were most common, they showed no significant association with increased mortality risk, though they were linked to a 10% higher hospitalization risk.

Conclusions:

  • Non-cardiovascular comorbidities, specifically other physical and mental health conditions, exert a stronger influence on mortality and hospitalization in heart failure patients than cardiovascular conditions.
  • These findings highlight the critical importance of addressing a broad spectrum of comorbid conditions, beyond just cardiovascular disease, to improve outcomes for individuals with heart failure.