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Endocrine Responses to Exercise in the Developing Child and Adolescent
Frontiers of Hormone Research
|June 28, 2016
Summary
Exercise impacts child development by influencing growth hormone (GH) and cortisol secretion, with responses varying by puberty. Athletes can manage menstrual disorders by adjusting energy intake.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Exercise Physiology
- Neuroendocrinology
Background:
- The neuroendocrine control of the pituitary gland in developing children is complex and not fully understood.
- Factors like training intensity, nutrition, and pubertal status influence adaptive responses to exercise.
- Understanding these impacts is crucial for optimizing child health and athletic performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the multifaceted effects of exercise training on the neuroendocrine system in children and adolescents.
- To elucidate the mechanisms behind exercise-induced changes in pituitary hormone secretion.
- To investigate the relationship between physical activity, puberty, and hormonal health in young athletes.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on exercise, neuroendocrine function, and pediatric development.
- Analysis of studies examining growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and thyroid hormone responses to exercise.
- Examination of data on menstrual disorders in female athletes and the role of energy balance.
Main Results:
- Growth hormone (GH) response to exercise is significantly influenced by pubertal status, with higher peak concentrations in more advanced stages.
- Adolescent female athletes may experience menstrual disorders, potentially reversible with increased energy intake.
- Thyroid changes are minimal and reflect negative energy balance; cortisol responses vary (increase or no change).
- Physical activity is vital for bone strength development during childhood and pre-adolescence.
Conclusions:
- Exercise profoundly impacts the developing neuroendocrine system, with responses modulated by pubertal status and energy balance.
- Optimizing nutrition and exercise is key for managing hormonal health and preventing disorders in young athletes.
- Early and consistent physical activity promotes optimal bone strength development in children.
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