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A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
Published on: June 23, 2022
[Tick-borne encephalitis--an update]
Abstract:
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a systemic infectious disease with nonspecific symptoms and/or severe neurological disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis and myelitis. The disease is caused by TBE virus, an enveloped RNA virus belonging to the family of flaviviruses. Three subtypes are currently present in different parts of Europe and Asia. The TBE virus is transmitted to humans primarily by the tick bite of Ixodes species such as I. ricinus, but also by the ingestion of contaminated raw milk and raw milk products. In Germany, more than 75% of all TBE cases occur in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg (southern Germany). Depending on the region, 1 to 4% of adult I. ricinus ticks in southern Germany are infected with the central European TBE virus variant. Treatment of TBE is symptomatic and supportive, a specific antiviral therapy does not exist. TBE cases acquired in central European countries have usually a good prognosis. Mortality rates above 2% have been documented in cases of tick-borne encephalitis in the elderly. In endemic areas, active immunization with inactivated TBE virus vaccines provides the most secure protection against TBE. In addition, exposure prophylaxis (protection against tick bites) plays a crucial role for TBE prevention.
Insights
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a severe neurological disease caused by a virus transmitted by ticks or contaminated milk. Vaccination and tick bite prevention are key to protecting against TBE.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Neuroscience
Context:
- Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a significant public health concern in Europe and Asia.
- The disease is caused by the TBE virus, a flavivirus transmitted by Ixodes ticks and contaminated dairy products.
- Southern Germany, particularly Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg, reports over 75% of TBE cases in the country.
Purpose:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE).
- To highlight transmission routes, geographical distribution, and clinical manifestations.
- To emphasize prevention strategies, including vaccination and exposure prophylaxis.
Summary:
- TBE presents with nonspecific symptoms or severe neurological disorders like meningitis and encephalitis.
- The TBE virus is transmitted via tick bites (Ixodes ricinus) or ingestion of contaminated raw milk.
- In endemic areas, inactivated TBE virus vaccines offer the most reliable protection; avoiding tick bites is also crucial.
Impact:
- Understanding TBE transmission and risk factors is vital for public health interventions.
- Effective prevention strategies, including vaccination, can significantly reduce TBE incidence and severity.
- Early recognition and supportive care are essential for managing TBE, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly.
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