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    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Theoretical Ecology
    • Community Ecology

    Background:

    • Ecological patterns emerge from complex interactions, but statistical constraints may also play a role.
    • Distinguishing between statistical and process-driven ecological patterns is challenging.
    • The Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology (METE) offers a constraint-based approach, while size-structured neutral theory (SSNT) provides a process-based alternative.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the explanatory power of constraint-based (METE) and process-based (SSNT) models for ecological patterns.
    • To differentiate the contributions of statistical constraints versus explicit ecological processes in determining community structure.
    • To develop a methodology for comparing ecological models predicting multiple patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • Directly compared models from METE and SSNT across 76 forest communities.
    • Evaluated model performance in characterizing species abundance distributions and body size distributions.
    • Assessed the relationship between species abundance and average conspecific body size.

    Main Results:

    • Both METE and SSNT models could characterize species and body size distributions.
    • SSNT models consistently showed higher overall likelihoods.
    • SSNT provided more realistic characterizations of the relationship between species abundance and body size.

    Conclusions:

    • Explicit biological processes, as captured by SSNT, offer additional insights into community structure beyond statistical constraints from METE.
    • This study provides a framework for differentiating between constraint-based and process-based ecological models.
    • The methodology can be applied to compare ecological models predicting diverse ecological patterns.