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Interactions between silica nanoparticles and phospholipid membranes.

Helene Kettiger1, Gabriela Québatte1, Barbara Perrone2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

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Summary

Negatively charged silica nanoparticles (SNPs) cause hemolysis by destabilizing phospholipid membranes through van der Waals forces, not electrostatic interactions. This interaction involves vesicle agglomeration and hydration layer effects.

Keywords:
HemolysisIsothermal titration calorimetrySilica nanoparticlesSolid state nuclear magnetic resonance

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are utilized in biomedical applications.
  • Parenteral administration of SNPs can lead to hemolysis, a phenomenon with unclear molecular mechanisms.
  • Understanding SNP-membrane interactions is crucial for safe biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between hemolytic and non-hemolytic silica nanoparticles (SNPs) and model phospholipid membranes.
  • To differentiate the roles of electrostatic and other forces in SNP-induced membrane destabilization.

Main Methods:

  • Dye-leakage assay to assess membrane destabilization.
  • Dynamic light scattering (DLS) to study particle-vesicle interactions and agglomeration.
  • Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to quantify binding thermodynamics.
  • Solid-state NMR (31P and 2H) for detailed mechanistic insights.

Main Results:

  • Hemolytic, negatively charged SNPs destabilized phospholipid bilayers, while non-hemolytic, positively charged SNPs did not.
  • DLS confirmed SNP-lipid vesicle interactions and agglomeration.
  • ITC revealed exothermic interactions driven by forces other than electrostatics, with zero heat capacity change.
  • NMR studies provided mechanistic details of the interaction at the hydration layer.

Conclusions:

  • Electrostatic interactions between hemolytic SNPs and phospholipid membranes are negligible.
  • SNPs induce membrane destabilization and agglomeration via adsorptive processes.
  • The primary interaction mechanism involves van der Waals forces within the vesicle surface's hydration layer.