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Genetic influences on conduct disorder.
Jessica E Salvatore1, Danielle M Dick2
1Department of Psychology and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU PO Box 842018, 806 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|June 29, 2016
Summary
Conduct disorder (CD) is a heritable condition influenced by gene-environment interactions. Future research requires larger studies and polygenic approaches to understand its genetic basis and risk mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatric Genetics
- Developmental Psychopathology
Background:
- Conduct disorder (CD) is a childhood/adolescent disorder with moderate heritability.
- Characterized by aggression, property destruction, deceitfulness, and rule violations.
- Previous genome-wide scans identified suggestive regions, but replication is pending.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of conduct disorder etiology.
- To highlight the role of genetic and environmental factors.
- To propose future research directions for gene identification and gene-environment interplay.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on conduct disorder genetics.
- Analysis of genome-wide scans and candidate gene studies.
- Examination of gene-environment interaction and epigenetic studies.
Main Results:
- Several candidate genes (e.g., GABRA2, MAOA) show associations with CD phenotypes, though replication is inconsistent.
- Genetic predispositions for CD can influence environmental risk exposure.
- Environmental factors can modulate the impact of CD genetic factors and affect gene methylation.
Conclusions:
- Understanding CD etiology requires larger, powered genetic studies.
- Polygenic approaches are crucial for gene-environment interplay research.
- Investigating gene-to-brain-to-behavior mechanisms and utilizing genetically informative data is essential for causal inference.
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