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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

5.6K
The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
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Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

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No description available
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Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
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Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments01:35

Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments

2.8K
Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
Keratin proteins, found at the cell periphery near cell junctions, undergo a cycle of assembly and disassembly. In Type...
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Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

28.2K
Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

2.8K
Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Identification of a component of the tubulin poly-glutamylase complex required for phosphoinositide homeostasis and cilium assembly and maintenance.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development
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2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development

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Cilium assembly and disassembly.

Irma Sánchez1, Brian David Dynlacht1

  • 1Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, Smilow Research Building, 522 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA.

Nature Cell Biology
|June 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The primary cilium, a cellular antenna, is crucial for development and health. Defects in this organelle cause ciliopathies and may signal cancer development, highlighting its therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • The primary cilium is a key cellular organelle interpreting extracellular signals vital for growth and development.
  • Once overlooked, it's now recognized for its role in numerous human diseases (ciliopathies) and cancer.
  • Ciliary defects are implicated in developmental syndromes affecting multiple organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of the primary cilium in mammalian cell function.
  • To understand the link between primary cilia defects and human diseases.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting ciliary mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on primary cilium structure and function.
  • Analysis of genetic and cellular studies on ciliopathies.

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Application of High-speed Super-resolution SPEED Microscopy in Live Primary Cilium
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Application of High-speed Super-resolution SPEED Microscopy in Live Primary Cilium

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Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets
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Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 14, 2026

2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development
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2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development

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Application of High-speed Super-resolution SPEED Microscopy in Live Primary Cilium
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Application of High-speed Super-resolution SPEED Microscopy in Live Primary Cilium

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  • Investigation of cell cycle regulation and ciliary dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • Primary cilia act as signaling hubs regulating cell growth and differentiation.
    • Ciliary dysfunction is associated with a wide spectrum of ciliopathies affecting diverse organ systems.
    • Loss of primary cilia may be an early indicator of oncogenic transformation.

    Conclusions:

    • The primary cilium is essential for normal development and homeostasis.
    • Understanding ciliary assembly and disassembly mechanisms is key to treating ciliopathies and cancer.
    • Targeting ciliary pathways offers promising avenues for therapeutic intervention.