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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Teratogenicity01:07

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes
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Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes

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Maternal First Trimester TSH Concentrations: Do They Affect Perinatal and Endocrine Outcomes?

M Fraenkel1, T Shafat2,3, O Erez2,4

  • 1Endocrine Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel.

Hormone and Metabolic Research = Hormon- Und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones Et Metabolisme
|June 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low first trimester thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in pregnant women is not linked to adverse outcomes. However, very low TSH levels (<0.1 mU/l) significantly increase the risk of developing maternal thyrotoxicosis later.

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Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels naturally fluctuate during the first trimester of pregnancy.
  • Understanding the distribution and clinical significance of early pregnancy TSH is crucial for maternal and fetal health.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the association between low first trimester TSH and long-term maternal thyroid status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution of first trimester TSH levels in pregnant women without pre-existing thyroid disease.
  • To evaluate the association between low first trimester TSH concentrations and perinatal outcomes.
  • To assess the risk of developing maternal thyrotoxicosis in relation to first trimester TSH levels.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 13,841 women delivering singleton infants between 2001-2011.
  • Exclusion of women with prior thyroid disease; inclusion of those with first trimester TSH < 4.0 mU/l.
  • Women categorized into quartiles and specific low TSH groups (TSH <0.1, 0.11-0.2, 0.21-0.4, 0.4-4 mU/l) for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Mean first trimester TSH decreased from 2.09 mU/l at 5 weeks to 1.29 mU/l at 8-9 weeks.
  • The lowest TSH quartile showed a 3.64-fold increased odds of future thyrotoxicosis compared to the highest quartile.
  • TSH <0.1 mU/l was associated with a 10.03-fold increased odds of future thyrotoxicosis compared to TSH 0.41-4 mU/l.
  • No significant association found between low TSH levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes or fetal sex.
  • A small percentage of women with low first trimester TSH developed subsequent thyrotoxicosis.

Conclusions:

  • Low maternal first trimester TSH concentrations are not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • Severely suppressed TSH (<0.1 mU/l) in early pregnancy is a significant risk factor for developing maternal thyrotoxicosis.
  • Monitoring and further investigation may be warranted for pregnant women with very low TSH levels in the first trimester.