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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
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Pivotal MicroRNAs in Melanoma: A Mini-Review.

Zhenjun Deng1, Jingang Hao2, Dongyun Lei1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.

Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy
|June 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study reviews microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small molecules that regulate gene expression. These miRNAs may play a crucial role in melanoma development, invasion, migration, and metastasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Melanoma is a prevalent skin cancer linked to UV exposure and genetic factors.
  • The precise causes and molecular underpinnings of melanoma are not fully understood.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cancer development and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key microRNAs (miRNAs) implicated in melanoma.
  • To explore the involvement of these miRNAs in melanoma cell invasion, migration, and metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pivotal microRNAs (miRNAs) in melanoma.
  • Analysis of miRNA involvement in melanoma cell processes.

Main Results:

  • Identified several microRNAs (miRNAs) potentially contributing to melanoma progression.
  • Highlighted the role of specific miRNAs in melanoma cell invasion, migration, and metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are significant regulators in melanoma.
  • Targeting specific miRNAs could offer new therapeutic strategies for melanoma treatment.