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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer02:18

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Mutations01:39

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Mutations01:35

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Updated: Mar 18, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
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Bladder Cancer and Genetic Mutations.

Xiaoying Zhang1, Yangde Zhang2

  • 1National Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center, Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics
|June 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Genetic mutations in genes like TP53 and TERT are key drivers of bladder cancer. Research highlights these genetic alterations and calls for further study into new biomarkers and detection methods for transitional cell carcinoma.

Keywords:
Bladder cancerGene mutationOncogeneTelomerase reverse transcriptase gene

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common urinary bladder cancer.
  • Risk factors include environmental exposures, smoking, infections, and certain medications.
  • Genetic mutations in chromosomal genes like FGFR3, RB1, HRAS, TP53, and TSC1 are implicated in bladder tumor formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of specific gene mutations in bladder cancer.
  • To identify genetic alterations contributing to tumor development.
  • To explore potential new biomarkers and diagnostic methods for bladder cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene mutations in urine samples from bladder cancer patients.
  • Evaluation of genetic mutations in 18 different bladder tumors.
  • Review of existing literature on urothelial carcinomas and genetic alterations.

Main Results:

  • TP53 gene mutations were found in 61% of evaluated bladder tumors.
  • Approximately 70% of bladder cancers involve mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene.
  • Mutations in HRAS, TSC1 (11.7% frequency), and BAP1 have been identified, contributing to cancer pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic mutations, particularly in TP53 and TERT, are significant in bladder cancer development.
  • Further research is needed to discover new biomarkers and develop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) bioassays for gene mutation detection.