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Related Concept Videos

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

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Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
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Condensins02:15

Condensins

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Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
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Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
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Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis
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Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

Published on: March 14, 2018

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Coupling changes in cell shape to chromosome segregation.

Nitya Ramkumar1, Buzz Baum1

  • 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|June 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Animal cells change shape during division, becoming spherical via actomyosin networks and swelling. This process aids cell division and ensures accurate inheritance for daughter cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cell division involves significant cellular shape and mechanical changes.
  • These dynamic transformations are crucial for accurate chromosome segregation and cell fate.
  • Understanding these processes is key to comprehending tissue development and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms driving cell shape changes during mitosis.
  • To explore the regulation and functional significance of these dynamic cellular transformations.
  • To investigate the coupling between cell shape modulation and sister chromatid segregation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cell-substrate adhesion dynamics.
  • Investigation of cortical actomyosin network assembly and function.
  • Monitoring of osmotic swelling and cell volume changes.
  • Studying the interplay between cell morphology and spindle positioning.

Main Results:

  • Cells adopt a near-spherical shape at mitotic entry through adhesion remodeling, actomyosin assembly, and swelling.
  • These shape changes facilitate spindle assembly and positioning.
  • Reversal of shape changes at mitotic exit restores interphase morphology.
  • Cell shape dynamics are tightly coupled with sister chromatid segregation.

Conclusions:

  • Cell shape changes are integral to the process of cell division, not merely a consequence.
  • The dynamic remodeling of cell shape ensures accurate inheritance of genetic material.
  • This study provides insights into fundamental cell biology with implications for developmental processes.