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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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Working memory network dysfunction in relapse-onset multiple sclerosis phenotypes: A clinical-imaging evaluation.

Laura Vacchi1, Maria A Rocca2, Alessandro Meani1

  • 1Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|June 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory function is altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, with brain activation changes correlating to cognitive performance. These findings highlight the impact of MS on cognitive abilities and brain network function.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosisN-backattentive-executive domainclinical phenotypesdefault mode networkfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Working memory (WM) is crucial for cognitive function and can be impaired in MS.
  • Understanding WM load correlates in MS is vital for assessing disease impact and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical, behavioral, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) correlates of working memory load in patients with relapse-onset multiple sclerosis.
  • To compare brain activation patterns during a working memory task across different stages of MS and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess brain activity during an N-back task in 12 clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) patients, 38 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients, 22 secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients, and 24 healthy controls (HC).
  • Correlations between fMRI abnormalities and clinico-behavioral and structural MRI measures were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • All groups activated working memory network regions (fronto-parietal lobes, cerebellum) and deactivated default mode network (DMN) areas.
  • MS patient groups showed decreased activation in the right superior parietal lobule, left inferior parietal lobule, and left middle frontal gyrus compared to HC.
  • CIS patients exhibited increased activation in the left medial superior frontal gyrus and right anterior cingulate cortex, while SPMS patients showed selective activation in the left parahippocampal gyrus and left superior temporal pole (STP).
  • Poorer accuracy and global cognitive scores correlated with increased STP activation.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory network recruitment is altered in MS patients in a load-dependent manner.
  • Frontal lobe hyperactivation observed in early MS (CIS) is diminished in later stages (SPMS).
  • Abnormal recruitment of DMN areas is associated with worse cognitive and behavioral outcomes in MS.