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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

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Functional strength training: Seated machine vs standing cable training to improve physical function in elderly.

Anoop Balachandran1, Maria M Martins1, Frederico G De Faveri1

  • 1University of Miami, Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, United States.

Experimental Gerontology
|June 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Both seated machine and standing cable strength training improved physical function in older adults. Standing cable exercises showed an advantage in specific functional tasks like chair stands and pan carries.

Keywords:
Biomechanical specificityFunctional trainingOlder personsResistance training

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Traditional strength training in older adults often uses fixed-form seated machines, yielding modest functional improvements.
  • Functional exercises mimicking daily activities and free-form exercises (free-weights, cable machines) are alternatives.
  • No studies have directly compared free-form cable exercises with fixed-form seated machine exercises in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of free-form standing cable (SC) exercises versus fixed-form seated machine (SM) resistance training on physical function in older adults.
  • To evaluate secondary outcomes including strength, power, activities of daily living, and perceived exertion.

Main Methods:

  • 29 independently-living older adults (≥65 years) were randomized into SM (n=10) or SC (n=12) groups.
  • Participants trained twice weekly for 12 weeks.
  • Primary outcome: Physical Performance Battery (PPB); Secondary outcomes: strength, power, PPT, pan carry, gallon jug transfers, RPE, PROMIS self-reported function.

Main Results:

  • Both groups showed significant improvements in PPB, but no significant difference between SC and SM groups.
  • Standing cable training (SC) significantly favored chair stand and pan carry tests.
  • Seated machine training (SM) significantly favored chest press 1RM; no significant differences for other secondary outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Standing cable training is not superior to seated machine training for overall physical performance in older adults.
  • Both training methods effectively improve physical function.
  • Exercise specificity is crucial when prescribing resistance training for older adults to enhance physical function.