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Related Concept Videos

Sympathetic Signaling01:31

Sympathetic Signaling

3.0K
Sympathetic signaling, a vital part of the autonomic nervous system, plays a crucial role in mobilizing the body's resources in response to stress or emergencies. It involves the transmission of nerve impulses from sympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers. This results in the release of specific neurotransmitters and activation of adrenergic receptors.
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

3.9K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
3.9K
Sympathetic Activation01:16

Sympathetic Activation

8.1K
The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...
8.1K
Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

60.2K
Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
60.2K
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

536
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
536
Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

3.3K
The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues
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Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues

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Sympathetic Innervation Promotes Arterial Fate by Enhancing Endothelial ERK Activity.

Luc Pardanaud1, Laurence Pibouin-Fragner2, Alexandre Dubrac2

  • 1From the INSERM U970, Paris Center for Cardiovascular Research (PARCC), Paris, France (L.P., L.P.-F., T.M., A.E.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.D., M.S., A.E.); and INSERM U1050, Collège de France, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie (CIRB), Paris, France (I.E., I.B.). luc.pardanaud@inserm.fr anne.eichmann@inserm.fr.

Circulation Research
|June 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sympathetic nerves promote arterial endothelial cell fate. This discovery, involving norepinephrine and ERK signaling, may offer new ways to improve arterialization in human diseases.

Keywords:
ERKVEGF signalingarterial–venous endothelial differentiationembryonic developmentsympathetic nervous system

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Vascular biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Arterial endothelial cells possess unique characteristics distinguishing them from venous and lymphatic counterparts.
  • The developmental and maintenance mechanisms of arterial endothelial cell fate remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors that promote arterial endothelial cell fate in vivo.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying arterial specification.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a functional in vivo assay using quail artery grafts in chick embryos.
  • Quantification of endothelial cell migration and colonization of host vessels.
  • Manipulation of sympathetic innervation and adrenergic receptor activity.

Main Results:

  • Sympathetic innervation was identified as a key promoter of arterial endothelial cell fate.
  • Removal of sympathetic nerves led to decreased arterial fate and increased venous colonization.
  • Exposure to sympathetic nerves or norepinephrine induced arterial fate.
  • Sympathetic nerves enhance endothelial ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) activity via adrenergic α1 and α2 receptors.

Conclusions:

  • Sympathetic innervation plays a crucial role in promoting arterial endothelial cell fate.
  • These findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies for enhancing arterialization in human diseases.