Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

53.5K
Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
53.5K
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

4.3K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
4.3K
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

1.7K
Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
1.7K
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

7.1K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
7.1K
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

2.5K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
2.5K
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

5.3K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
5.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predicting Letter Acuity Using Vernier-Induced OKN and Consumer-Grade Cameras.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same author

The amplitude and latency of the earliest signal in V1 encode bottom-up saliency by feature conjunction.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Human subcortical pathways automatically detect collision trajectory without attention and awareness.

PLoS biology·2024
Same author

Robust functional mapping of layer-selective responses in human lateral geniculate nucleus with high-resolution 7T fMRI.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2020
Same author

Simulation of wavelength conversion based on integrated saturable absorber.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a general review.

Rheumatology international·2010
Same journal

Tau protein as a regulator of mitochondrial function and dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

A scalable, dividing cell model for the robust propagation and quantification of human sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Epigenetic regulation of mesenchymal BMP signaling directs postnatal organ innervation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Single-shot wide-field biochemical imaging at 1 kHz frame rate.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Morphogenesis and topological evolution of a frustrated nematic liquid crystal under confinement.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

B cell-intrinsic CXCR3 drives efficient generation of ectopic pulmonary germinal center responses to influenza A virus infection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

77.0K

Binocular rivalry from invisible patterns.

Jinyou Zou1, Sheng He2, Peng Zhang3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Binocular rivalry can occur even with invisible visual conflicts. This study shows that imperceptible patterns in early visual cortex can still drive competition, demonstrating rivalry without conscious awareness.

Keywords:
awarenessbinocular rivalryvisual cortex

More Related Videos

How to Build a Dichoptic Presentation System That Includes an Eye Tracker
05:48

How to Build a Dichoptic Presentation System That Includes an Eye Tracker

Published on: September 6, 2017

9.0K
Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

5.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

77.0K
How to Build a Dichoptic Presentation System That Includes an Eye Tracker
05:48

How to Build a Dichoptic Presentation System That Includes an Eye Tracker

Published on: September 6, 2017

9.0K
Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
07:45

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

5.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Binocular rivalry is a phenomenon where incompatible images presented to each eye lead to alternating perception.
  • The role of conscious awareness and visible interocular conflict in initiating rivalry is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if binocular rivalry can be induced by conflicting but invisible spatial patterns.
  • To explore the neural correlates and temporal dynamics of rivalry driven by imperceptible stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing chromatic gratings flickering at 30 Hz, rendered perceptually uniform but containing invisible orientation conflicts.
  • Measuring behavioral effects (tilt aftereffect, adaptation) and neural activity (BOLD signals via fMRI).
  • Employing psychophysical methods to assess rivalry enhancement and interocular suppression dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Invisible chromatic gratings induced significant orientation-selective adaptation and BOLD activity in early visual cortex.
  • Monocular presentation of invisible gratings enhanced rivalry with a visible grating in the fellow eye.
  • Interocular suppression occurred approximately 200 ms after the onset of invisible gratings, with evidence for sustained rivalry between two invisible gratings.

Conclusions:

  • Binocular rivalry can be triggered by invisible interocular conflicts, challenging the necessity of conscious perception of conflict.
  • Rivalry competition can occur in early visual cortex with minimal frontoparietal engagement, suggesting a more fundamental neural basis for rivalry.
  • These findings highlight that rivalry mechanisms can operate below the threshold of conscious awareness.