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Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Causing Multicystic Leukoencephalomalacia
Abdussamet Batur1, Muhammed Alpaslan1, Alpaslan Yavuz1
1Department of Radiology, Yuzuncuyil University Dursun Odabas Medical Center, Van Sehri, Turkey.
Polish Journal of Radiology
|June 30, 2016
Summary
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can affect the brain, causing cytotoxic edema. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is crucial for detecting these brain changes in pediatric HUS patients.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pediatrics
- Radiology
Background:
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a severe condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury.
- Central nervous system (CNS) involvement occurs in 20-50% of HUS cases, significantly increasing morbidity and mortality.
Observation:
- A case report details the neuroimaging findings in a four-month-old male infant diagnosed with HUS.
- Cerebral cortex and white matter abnormalities were observed on T2-weighted MRI sequences.
Findings:
- Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) revealed restricted diffusion in the cerebral cortex and white matter.
- These DWI findings correlated with cytotoxic edema, indicated by low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.
- The observed changes progressed to multicystic leukoencephalomalacia.
Implications:
- Brain involvement in HUS can manifest through various mechanisms, necessitating specific diagnostic approaches.
- MRI protocols for evaluating cerebral parenchyma in HUS, particularly in pediatric patients, should routinely include DWI.
- Early detection of CNS involvement via DWI can potentially improve patient outcomes.
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