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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
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Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Medical Marijuana for Epilepsy?

Murali K Kolikonda1, Kavitha Srinivasan1, Manasa Enja1

  • 1Drs. Kolikonda and Sagi are from the Department of Neurology, Dr. Srinivasan is from the Clinical Translational Research Support Unit, and Drs. Enja and Lippmann are from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.

Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience
|June 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Medical marijuana shows potential for treating refractory epilepsy, but evidence is mixed. Further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and safety for seizure control.

Keywords:
Charlotte’s WebDoose syndromeDravet syndromeLennox-GestautMarijuanacannabidiolconvulsionsendocannabinoid systemepilepsyictusmedical marijuanaseizurestreatment unresponsive epilepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Treatment-refractory epilepsy presents a significant clinical challenge.
  • Growing public and physician interest exists in medical marijuana for seizure management.
  • The endocannabinoid system plays a role in neuronal regulation and seizure control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on the use of medical marijuana and its derivatives for epilepsy treatment.
  • To assess the reported efficacy and adverse effects of cannabis-based treatments in epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical evidence and anecdotal reports regarding medical marijuana for epilepsy.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of cannabis derivatives on seizure frequency and severity.

Main Results:

  • Clinical evidence suggests potential benefits of cannabis derivatives in reducing seizure frequency.
  • However, some studies document seizure exacerbation or no discernible effect.
  • Anecdotal reports of efficacy lack robust scientific corroboration.

Conclusions:

  • Medical marijuana's clinical application for epilepsy is not approved and remains restricted.
  • It is recommended only for select treatment-resistant cases under careful monitoring.
  • Potential adverse consequences and legal restrictions necessitate cautious consideration.