Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

649
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
649
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

316
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
316
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

1.2K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
1.2K
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

1.3K
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
1.3K
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

709
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
709
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

2.3K
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multidisciplinary Interventions in Motor Neuron Disease.

Journal of neurodegenerative diseases·2015
Same author

Factors associated with prehospital delay among stroke patients in a developing African country.

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society·2015
Same author

Quadriparesis due to simultaneous occurrence of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke.

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society·2015
Same author

Stray dog trade fuelled by dog meat consumption as a risk factor for rabies infection in Calabar, southern Nigeria.

African health sciences·2014
Same author

Prevalence and pattern of neurocognitive impairment in nigerians with stages 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease.

ISRN neurology·2013
Same author

The burden of inpatient neurologic disease in a tropical African hospital.

The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques·2013

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

13.0K

Disease Modifying Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis.

U E Williams1, S K Oparah1, E E Philip-Ephraim1

  • 1Internal Medicine Department, University of Calabar, Calabar 540242, Cross River State, Nigeria.

International Scholarly Research Notices
|June 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune central nervous system disease causing disability. Current treatments manage inflammation but not neurodegeneration, highlighting the need for new neuroprotective therapies.

More Related Videos

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

4.8K
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

13.0K
Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

4.8K
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

10.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Autoimmune Disorders

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease targeting the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Pathologically, MS involves inflammatory demyelination and axonal degeneration, leading to permanent disability in young adults.
  • While environmental and genetic factors are implicated, current disease-modifying therapies primarily address inflammation, not neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the critical need for novel therapeutic strategies in multiple sclerosis research.
  • To highlight the limitations of existing treatments in preventing neurodegeneration and disability accumulation.
  • To underscore the ongoing search for effective neuroprotective agents for MS management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of multiple sclerosis pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of the efficacy of existing disease-modifying drugs.
  • Identification of research gaps in neuroprotection for multiple sclerosis.

Main Results:

  • Existing multiple sclerosis therapies effectively control central nervous system inflammation.
  • Current treatments do not prevent the underlying neurodegeneration or the accumulation of disability in patients.
  • A significant unmet need exists for therapies that offer neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Effective neuroprotective therapies are urgently required to alter the long-term course of multiple sclerosis.
  • Future research must focus on developing treatments that address both inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS.
  • Advancing neuroprotection is paramount for improving outcomes and reducing disability in multiple sclerosis patients.