Obesity: definition, comorbidities, causes, and burden

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Health Economics

Background:

• Obesity prevalence has surged globally by 27.5% in adults and 47.1% in children over three decades.
• Obesity results from intricate genetic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors, influenced by consumption, urban development, and lifestyle.
• The condition can stem from disease or medication and is a risk factor for numerous comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the global prevalence of obesity.
• To discuss the economic consequences of obesity.
• To explore potential causes and associated comorbidities of obesity.

Main Methods:

• Literature review on obesity prevalence.
• Analysis of socioeconomic and cultural influences.
• Examination of economic impacts and comorbidities.

Main Results:

• Significant increases in obesity rates across adult and pediatric populations globally.
• Obesity is linked to reduced educational attainment, lower earning potential, and increased healthcare expenditures.
• Identified complex interplay of factors contributing to obesity and its associated health risks.

Conclusions:

• Obesity presents a substantial economic burden due to increased healthcare costs and reduced productivity.
• Addressing obesity requires understanding its multifaceted origins and widespread health implications.
• Public health strategies must consider the complex determinants and consequences of obesity.