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Transcriptome comparison reveals a genetic network regulating the lower temperature limit in fish.

Peng Hu1, Mingli Liu1, Yimeng Liu1

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Zebrafish and tilapia show distinct gene expression in gills during cold exposure, revealing a genetic network regulating the lower temperature limit (LTL) and cold adaptation in fish.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative genomics
  • Fish physiology
  • Transcriptional regulation

Background:

  • Transcriptional plasticity drives species' phenotypic differences.
  • The lower temperature limit (LTL) is crucial for species distribution but poorly understood genetically.
  • Cold response mechanisms vary between species with different LTLs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate inter-species transcriptional diversification in cold responses.
  • Compare zebrafish (Danio rerio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with distinct LTLs.
  • Identify genetic factors contributing to LTL differences.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of gene expression in gills at common and LTL temperatures.
  • Identification of divergently expressed orthologous genes.
  • KEGG pathway analysis to identify signaling cascades.
  • Apoptosis assessment and analysis of apoptosis-related transcription factors.

Main Results:

  • Significant gene expression divergence in gills between zebrafish and tilapia at 8°C.
  • A signaling cascade involving metabolic regulation, apoptosis, and FoxO signaling identified.
  • Zebrafish exhibited delayed and milder apoptosis compared to tilapia at cold temperatures.
  • Diverged expression of 25 apoptosis-related transcription factors forming a regulatory network.

Conclusions:

  • A genetic network regulating LTL in fish involves metabolic regulation, apoptosis, and FoxO signaling.
  • Differential apoptotic responses correlate with species-specific LTLs.
  • Transcriptional plasticity in cold response pathways is key to fish adaptation.