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Basic numerical processing, calculation, and working memory in children with dyscalculia and/or ADHD symptoms.

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  • 11 Institute of Psychology, University of Münster.

Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrie Und Psychotherapie
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Summary

Children with developmental dyscalculia (DD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms (AS) have distinct cognitive deficits. Comorbid DD+AS shows an additive pattern, except for subtraction, offering insight into DD and ADHD comorbidity.

Keywords:
ADHDMathematical learning disabilitiesbasic numerical processingcomorbiditydyscalculia

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Educational psychology

Background:

  • Developmental dyscalculia (DD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share deficits in numerical skills, calculation, and working memory.
  • Understanding the cognitive profiles and comorbidity of DD and ADHD is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct cognitive profiles of children with DD and/or ADHD symptoms (AS) using a double dissociation design.
  • To clarify the nature of cognitive deficits in children with comorbid DD and AS.

Main Methods:

  • A double dissociation design was employed.
  • Participants included children with DD-only, AS-only, comorbid DD+AS, and typically developing controls (TD).
  • Assessments covered basic numerical processing, calculation, working memory, processing speed, and attention.

Main Results:

  • Children with DD exhibited deficits in numerical skills, calculation, working memory, and sustained attention.
  • Children with AS showed selective difficulties in dot enumeration, subtraction, verbal working memory, processing speed, and alertness.
  • Comorbid DD+AS generally presented an additive combination of deficits, with an exception in subtraction tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental dyscalculia and ADHD symptoms are associated with largely distinct cognitive deficit patterns.
  • These distinct patterns are present in combination in children with comorbid DD and AS.
  • The findings aid in understanding the neurocognitive underpinnings of DD and ADHD comorbidity.