Discovery of Novel Genes Mediating Glucose and Lipid Metabolisms

Glucose and lipid are the major energy sources, and pivotal components of organic metabolism in mammals. Inappropriate diet directly influences the metabolic rate, and can alter the body's homeostasis. The underlying changes in energy storage and utilization would manifest as metabolic syndrome including obesity and high blood pressure, and high blood glucose, which are predisposing factors that significantly increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Thus, it is essential to identify the genes that are involved in the process of glucose and lipid metabolism. Utilizing current advanced scientific methodology and technology, as well as computational resources has led to discovery of many novel genes with major roles in energy metabolism. In addition, many studies have focused on the functional analysis of the novel genes. Nowadays, uncovering the genes that are involved in glucose and lipid storage and utilization, as well as underlying pathways that regulate expression of those genes is an area of ongoing research. Here, we summarize the current research related to the novel genes regulating glucose and lipid metabolisms, which enable us to develop more efficient means of prevention and management of metabolic diseases such as T2D, obesity, high blood glucose, and hypertension.