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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

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Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
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Use of Two Intracorporeal Ventricular Assist Devices As a Total Artificial Heart
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In Vitro Evaluation of the Dual-Diffuser Design for a Reversible Rotary Intra-Aortic Ventricular Assist Device.

Yaxin Wang1, P Alex Smith2,3, Daniel L Timms4

  • 1Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. veronicawangyaxin@googlemail.com.

Artificial Organs
|July 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A novel dual-diffuser set for the intra-aortic ventricular assist device (IntraVAD) enhances cardiac assistance. This design optimizes blood flow and function, potentially improving heart contractility and restoring cardiac function.

Keywords:
Coronary perfusionCounterpulsationDiffuser designHemodynamic performanceIntra-aortic pumpLeft ventricular assist device

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Devices
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • The intra-aortic ventricular assist device (IntraVAD) assists a compromised heart by working with the left ventricle (LV).
  • Previous research demonstrated the IntraVAD's effectiveness in enhancing coronary perfusion and reducing ventricular volume via reverse-rotation control (RRc) mode.
  • The RRc mode necessitates a diffuser design capable of supporting bi-directional impeller rotation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a new diffuser design for the bi-directional rotation of the IntraVAD.
  • To introduce a dual-diffuser set (DDS) to replace conventional upstream and downstream components.
  • To optimize the DDS configuration for maximal hemodynamic benefit in cardiac assistance.

Main Methods:

  • A dual-diffuser set (DDS) was designed, comprising two diffusers flanking the impeller, eliminating the need for a conventional inducer and diffuser.
  • Various DDS configurations were manufactured using combinations of curved and straight blades.
  • Testing involved both continuous flow and pulsatile mock circulatory loops, with a weighted normalized scalar (WNS) used for evaluation.

Main Results:

  • The study evaluated multiple DDS configurations under continuous and pulsatile flow conditions.
  • A weighted normalized scalar (WNS) was introduced to comprehensively assess hemodynamic performance.
  • Optimal performance, indicated by maximum WNS, was achieved with an upstream diffuser featuring an equal mix of curved and straight blades and a downstream diffuser with only curved blades.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed dual-diffuser design is suitable for the bi-directional rotation required by the IntraVAD's RRc mode.
  • The optimal DDS configuration significantly enhances cardiac assistance.
  • This optimized design holds potential for improving ventricular contractility and restoring overall heart function.