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Persistent Diarrhea: A Clinical Review.

Herbert L DuPont1

  • 1University of Texas School of Public Health and Medical School, Houston2Kelsey Research Foundation, Houston, Texas3Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent diarrhea, lasting over 14 days, often stems from different infectious agents than acute cases. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of this underrecognized condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Diarrheal diseases are common, but persistent diarrhea (≥14 days) involves distinct etiologies.
  • Understanding these causes is vital for appropriate clinical management and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and management of persistent diarrhea caused by infectious agents.
  • To highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis for effective treatment in immunocompetent individuals worldwide.

Main Methods:

  • Review of data from studies in developing countries and on travelers.
  • Identification of common and uncommon parasitic and bacterial pathogens.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods including culture-dependent, culture-independent (PCR), and microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Persistent diarrhea affects approximately 3% of travelers to developing countries.
  • Key pathogens include Giardia, Cryptosporidium, enteroaggregative E. coli, and Shigella.
  • Schistosoma species are rare causes found in endemic areas.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent diarrhea is an underrecognized syndrome requiring thorough assessment.
  • Accurate etiologic diagnosis is essential for successful therapeutic intervention and symptom improvement.