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Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Image Acquisition using Portable Sonography for Emergency Airway Management
Published on: September 28, 2022
Incidental diagnosis of an H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula
Peter Donnelly1, Steven McVea2, Christopher Flannigan1
1Department of Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK.
Abstract:
A 6-day-old term neonate who was intubated on day 1 of life for apnoeic episodes, was transferred to the regional paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for specialist opinion following 3 failed extubations in the neonatal unit. Escherichia coli congenital pneumonia was diagnosed and the child discharged to the local hospital. Chest radiographs and inflammatory markers were in keeping with infection. However, ongoing difficulties with secretions necessitated readmission to the PICU, following a significant cyanotic episode associated with coughing. On arrival at the PICU, a large leak around the endotracheal tube (ETT) was noted. On direct laryngoscopy, the ETT was found correctly positioned, through the cords, but air was noted to be coming back from the oesophagus. Advancing the ETT towards the carina terminated the leak and raised the suspicion of a tracheo-oesophageal fistula. An H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula was confirmed on bronchoscopy. An uneventful fistula repair was performed and the baby discharged from the PICU on day 23 of life.
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