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Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells

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Published on: October 22, 2012

Sequence conservation predicts T cell reactivity against ragweed allergens.

J Pham¹, C Oseroff¹, D Hinz¹

¹La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|July 1, 2016

Summary

Ragweed allergy impacts millions. This study reveals T cell responses to ragweed allergens differ from IgE responses, with epitope conservation influencing T cell reactivity. This finding aids in developing targeted immunotherapies.

Keywords:

T cell epitopes allergens ragweed

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Allergology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Ragweed is a significant global cause of seasonal allergies.
While several ragweed allergens are known for IgE reactivity, their T cell immunogenicity remains uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively characterize T cell responses to various ragweed allergens.
To investigate the correlation between T cell reactivity, IgE responses, and epitope sequence conservation.

Main Methods:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ragweed-allergic individuals were stimulated with ragweed allergen peptides.
Secretion of IL-5 (Th2) and IFN-γ (Th1) cytokines was assessed to determine T cell responses.
Reactivity was correlated with existing serological data and sequence conservation across allergens.

Main Results:

Confirmed three known dominant T cell epitopes and identified three novel dominant epitopes within Amb a 1.
Amb a 1 was the dominant allergen for both IgE and T cell responses.
T cell response dominance correlated with epitope sequence conservation, unlike IgE responses for other allergens.

Conclusions:

Ragweed allergen T cell reactivity hierarchy is distinct from IgE reactivity and influenced by epitope conservation.
Allergens with lower IgE and higher T cell reactivity are potential targets for T cell immunotherapy.
Developing immunotherapies targeting conserved epitopes may offer broad protection against multiple common allergens.