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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

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Evolutionary perspectives of telomerase RNA structure and function.

Joshua D Podlevsky1, Julian J-L Chen1

  • 1a School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA.

RNA Biology
|July 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme, uses telomerase RNA (TR) to synthesize telomeres, solving chromosome replication issues. TR

Keywords:
DNA replicationend-replication problemevolutionpolymeraseribonucleoproteintelomerasetelomere

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Telomeres protect chromosome ends but pose a replication challenge in eukaryotes.
  • Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) enzyme, solves this by synthesizing telomeric DNA.
  • Telomerase comprises telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA (TR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the crucial role of telomerase RNA (TR) in telomerase function.
  • To investigate the structural and mechanistic diversity of TR across evolution.
  • To understand RNA-protein coevolution within ribonucleoprotein enzymes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of telomerase RNA (TR) sequences and structures.
  • Investigating TR's role in telomerase assembly and catalytic regulation.
  • Examining evolutionary divergence in TR biogenesis pathways.

Main Results:

  • Telomerase RNA (TR) is essential for telomerase assembly and function, not just a template.
  • TR has evolved diverse structures and biogenesis pathways across lineages.
  • TR's structural elements facilitate TERT binding and regulate the catalytic cycle.

Conclusions:

  • Telomerase RNA (TR) is a key functional component of telomerase, critical for RNP formation and activity.
  • Evolutionary diversity in TR highlights varied solutions for maintaining telomere integrity.
  • Studying telomerase offers insights into RNA-protein coevolution in ribonucleoprotein enzymes.