Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

1.2K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.2K
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

717
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
717
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

15.6K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
15.6K
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

50.3K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.3K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

999
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
999
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

13.9K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
13.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bayesian phylodynamic analysis reveals the dispersal patterns of tomato spotted wilt virus.

Virology·2026
Same author

Development of a plant rhabdovirus-based versatile vector for gene function studies in leafhoppers and rice.

Journal of experimental botany·2026
Same author

Identification of the Matrix Protein as a Conserved and Central Determinant of Superinfection Exclusion in Plant Rhabdoviruses.

Molecular plant pathology·2025
Same author

Simultaneous knockout of multiple <i>eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E</i> genes confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to potyviruses in tobacco.

aBIOTECH·2025
Same author

Multi-omics analysis reveals insights into hypoxia-tolerant rice growth and identifies the 1-Cys peroxiredoxin B-like protease.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025
Same author

Development of an RNA virus vector for non-transgenic genome editing in tobacco and generation of <i>berberine bridge enzyme-like</i> mutants with reduced nicotine content.

aBIOTECH·2024
Same journal

Emerging Tree Diseases Driven by Climate Change: A Critical Perspective on Current Challenges and Future Directions.

Annual review of phytopathology·2026
Same journal

Biological Control Microorganisms that Induce Plant Defense Responses.

Annual review of phytopathology·2026
Same journal

Unveiling a Hidden Menace: Invasive Tree Pathogens, Less Known but Increasingly Threatening Southern Hemisphere Forests.

Annual review of phytopathology·2026
Same journal

New Insights into Genomic Variations and Mutational Events Associated with Plant-Pathogen Interactions.

Annual review of phytopathology·2026
Same journal

Tree Killer, Qu'est-ce Que C'est? Insights From Forest Pathogen Genomes.

Annual review of phytopathology·2026
Same journal

From Trucks to Trays: Progress and Challenges in Phytosanitation of Inert Surfaces to Mitigate Plant Pathogen Spread.

Annual review of phytopathology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Reverse Genetics to Engineer Positive-Sense RNA Virus Variants
15:49

Reverse Genetics to Engineer Positive-Sense RNA Virus Variants

Published on: June 9, 2022

2.0K

Developments in Plant Negative-Strand RNA Virus Reverse Genetics.

Andrew O Jackson1, Zhenghe Li2

  • 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;

Annual Review of Phytopathology
|July 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reverse genetics for negative-strand RNA (NSR) viruses has advanced animal virus research. New methods now enable reverse genetics for plant NSR viruses, opening new research and application avenues.

Keywords:
Sonchus yellow net virusinfectious cDNA cloneminirepliconnucleocapsidplant rhabdovirusesvirus rescue

More Related Videos

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
08:56

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

Published on: July 27, 2018

11.6K
Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

22.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Reverse Genetics to Engineer Positive-Sense RNA Virus Variants
15:49

Reverse Genetics to Engineer Positive-Sense RNA Virus Variants

Published on: June 9, 2022

2.0K
Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
08:56

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

Published on: July 27, 2018

11.6K
Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

22.1K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Reverse genetics breakthroughs for animal negative-strand RNA (NSR) viruses revolutionized understanding of infection cycles and host interactions.
  • Recombinant strategies for animal NSR viruses enabled vaccine and therapeutic protein development.
  • Plant NSR virus reverse genetics remained challenging for decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances enabling reverse genetics for plant NSR viruses.
  • To discuss the development of a recombinant system for Sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus.
  • To explore potential applications for plant NSR virus research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on reverse genetics techniques.
  • Description of a newly constructed recombinant system for Sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus.
  • Discussion of potential adaptations for other plant NSR viruses.

Main Results:

  • Successful construction of a functional recombinant system for Sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus.
  • Identification of key advances overcoming previous limitations in plant NSR virus reverse genetics.
  • Outlined potential for broader application to other plant NSR viruses.

Conclusions:

  • Reverse genetics is now feasible for plant NSR viruses, mirroring advances in animal virus research.
  • This breakthrough facilitates deeper understanding of plant virus biology and pathogenesis.
  • New applications in plant biotechnology and disease control are anticipated.