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Corneal Higher-Order Aberrations in Herpes Simplex Keratitis.

Emi Kashizuka1, Takefumi Yamaguchi, Yukari Yaguchi

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|July 1, 2016
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Summary

Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) causes significant corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs), impacting both anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. These increased HOAs correlate with reduced visual acuity in affected eyes.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal diseases
  • Vision science

Background:

  • Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a leading cause of infectious corneal blindness worldwide.
  • Corneal scarring is a common sequela of HSK, often leading to visual impairment.
  • Higher-order aberrations (HOAs) represent optical imperfections that can degrade visual quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and compare corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in eyes with corneal scars resulting from herpes simplex keratitis (HSK).
  • To investigate the relationship between the severity of corneal opacity due to HSK and the degree of HOAs.
  • To assess the correlation between corneal HOAs and visual acuity.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving 44 eyes with HSK-induced corneal scars and 18 control eyes.
  • Analysis of HOAs for anterior, posterior, and total cornea using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.
  • Grading of corneal opacity severity via slit-lamp biomicroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Eyes with HSK exhibited significantly elevated HOAs on anterior, posterior, and total corneal surfaces compared to controls (P < 0.001 for all).
  • A positive correlation was found between increasing corneal opacity grade and logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), indicating poorer visual acuity.
  • Posterior corneal HOAs significantly increased with opacity grade (P = 0.005), while anterior and total corneal HOAs showed no significant difference across grades.

Conclusions:

  • Corneal opacity secondary to HSK is associated with increased higher-order aberrations on both anterior and posterior corneal surfaces.
  • The degree of corneal HOAs is directly related to the severity of visual impairment in HSK patients.
  • These findings highlight the optical consequences of HSK scarring and its impact on vision quality.