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Related Concept Videos

Veins of Lower Limbs01:15

Veins of Lower Limbs

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The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the...
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Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

Arteries of Lower Limbs

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
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Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
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Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
281
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

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The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation
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Benign Vascular Malformation at the Ischial Tuberosity.

Rami Said, Anna-Christina Bevelaqua

    The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy
    |July 2, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    A young female runner experienced persistent thigh pain due to a benign vascular malformation. Early diagnosis using ultrasound and MRI was crucial for effective physical therapy management.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Sports Medicine
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Proximal posterior thigh pain can be debilitating for athletes.
    • Insidious onset and progressive worsening suggest a complex underlying condition.

    Observation:

    • A 31-year-old female runner presented with 12 months of left proximal posterior thigh pain.
    • A tender, soft mass near the ischial tuberosity reproduced the pain.
    • Initial radiographs excluded avulsion fracture.

    Findings:

    • Musculoskeletal ultrasonography revealed a superficial hypoechoic mass with vascularity.
    • Magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy confirmed a benign vascular malformation.

    Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of advanced imaging in diagnosing soft-tissue masses.
    Keywords:
    lower extremitymagnetic resonance imagingradiographyultrasonographyvascular malformation

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  • Accurate diagnosis of vascular malformations is key for appropriate physical therapy and pain management in athletes.