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Evolution of the Marrow Adipose Tissue Microenvironment.

Clarissa S Craft1,2, Erica L Scheller3,4

  • 1Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.

Calcified Tissue International
|July 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) plays a key role in bone and blood cell development. Evolutionary insights reveal how extracellular matrix and nerves regulate this vital skeletal tissue.

Keywords:
AdiposeBoneEvolutionMarrow adipose tissueMarrow fatMatrix

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Area of Science:

  • Skeletal Biology
  • Adipose Tissue Research
  • Hematopoiesis

Background:

  • Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) comprises adipocytes within the bone marrow microenvironment.
  • MAT is integrated with extracellular matrix and hematopoietic/osteogenic cells.
  • It influences bone accrual and hematopoietic stem cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolutionary origins of MAT in vertebrates.
  • To compare MAT development with peripheral adipose, hematopoietic, and skeletal tissues.
  • To define potential functions of MAT based on evolutionary and microenvironmental factors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on evolutionary biology and skeletal microenvironment.
  • Comparative analysis of tissue development across vertebrate lineages.
  • Exploration of regulatory roles of the extracellular matrix and neural components.

Main Results:

  • MAT has a conserved evolutionary history within the vertebrate skeleton.
  • Extracellular matrix and embedded nerves dynamically regulate the MAT niche.
  • These regulatory mechanisms likely underlie coordinated control of bone, blood, and MAT.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary perspectives provide crucial insights into MAT functions.
  • The skeletal microenvironment, particularly ECM and nerves, is critical for MAT regulation.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to unraveling coordinated skeletal homeostasis.