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Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
Published on: April 14, 2017
Endocytic Control of Cellular Signaling at the Primary Cilium
Lotte B Pedersen1, Johanne B Mogensen1, Søren T Christensen1
1Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
Abstract:
Primary cilia are dynamic signaling organelles that project from the cell surface to sense diverse chemical, physical and morphogenetic cues. Ciliary defects therefore cause diseases (ciliopathies) that affect multiple organs in developing and adult organisms. Cilia-mediated signaling involves the orchestrated movement of signaling proteins in and out of the ciliary compartment, including movement of receptors such as the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) receptor Patched 1 (PTCH1), Smoothened (SMO), and various other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as well as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptors I and II (TGF-β-RI/II). We provide here a current understanding of trafficking events associated with cilia-mediated signaling, with emphasis on the involvement of clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis in regulating ciliary Shh and TGF-β signaling.
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