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Predictors and outcomes of low birth weight in Lusaka, Zambia

Carla J Chibwesha1, Arianna Zanolini2, Marcela Smid3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
|July 2, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight (LBW) in Zambia is linked to placental abruption, preterm birth, and twin pregnancies. LBW infants face significantly higher risks of stillbirth and neonatal death, emphasizing the need for quality prenatal care.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Low birth weight (LBW) is a critical indicator of neonatal health and survival.
  • Understanding the risk factors and outcomes associated with LBW in urban African settings is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) in an urban Zambian cohort.
  • To investigate the risk of adverse outcomes for neonates born with LBW.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort analysis of 200,557 neonates born in Lusaka, Zambia, between 2006 and 2012.
  • Utilized routine clinical data and generalized estimating equations to analyze covariates of LBW (<2500 g) and associated outcomes.
  • Included singletons and first-born twins delivered in the public health system.

Main Results:

  • 10.5% of neonates were LBW. Factors associated with LBW included placental abruption, delivery before 37 weeks, and twin pregnancy.
  • LBW neonates had significantly higher risks of stillbirth (AOR 8.6), low Apgar score (AOR 5.7), NICU admission (AOR 5.4), and early neonatal death (AOR 6.2).
  • These risks persisted independently of gestational age and multiple pregnancy status.

Conclusions:

  • LBW neonates face substantially increased risks for stillbirth and neonatal mortality.
  • The findings highlight the critical importance of accessible, high-quality prenatal care for improving birth outcomes in urban Zambia.
  • Early and comprehensive antenatal services are essential to mitigate LBW-related adverse outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
Low birth weightNeonatal deathObstetricsPerinatal outcomesStillbirthSub-Saharan Africa

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