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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
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Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia
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Amphetamine-related ischemic colitis causing gastrointestinal bleeding.

Ragesh Panikkath1, Deepa Panikkath1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas.

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|July 2, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Amphetamine use can cause acute lower intestinal bleeding, leading to ischemic colitis. This condition requires conservative management and cessation of amphetamine use to prevent recurrence, as demonstrated in a 2-year follow-up study.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Acute lower intestinal bleeding is a significant clinical presentation.
  • Identifying the etiology of gastrointestinal bleeding is crucial for effective management.

Observation:

  • A 43-year-old woman presented with severe lower intestinal bleeding necessitating blood transfusion.
  • Initial investigations failed to identify the bleeding source.
  • Colonoscopy revealed findings consistent with ischemic colitis.

Findings:

  • Patient history revealed illicit amphetamine use, confirmed by a positive urine drug screen.
  • The ischemic colitis was attributed to amphetamine-induced vasculopathy.
  • Conservative management and cessation of amphetamine use were implemented.

Implications:

  • Amphetamine abuse is a potential cause of ischemic colitis and gastrointestinal bleeding.
  • Early identification of substance abuse is vital in unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding cases.
  • Long-term cessation of amphetamine use appears to prevent recurrence of ischemic colitis.