Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

44
In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
44
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

1.1K
When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
1.1K
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

833
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
833
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

26.7K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
26.7K
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

5.1K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
5.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dynamic Electron-Hole Shuttle at Atomic Interfaces for Solar-Driven H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and Benzaldehyde Coproduction.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Possible Peierls Distortion Through Re<sub>2</sub> Dimer Formation in the LaNiO<sub>2</sub>-Type Nitrides LnReN<sub>2</sub> (Ln = Pr, Nd).

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Multiple bonding in unbridged Mn-Mn dimers of solid-state nitridomanganate(IV) oxide Ca<sub>6</sub>[Mn<sub>2</sub>N<sub>6</sub>]O.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

Tunable Magnetoresistive Gas Sensing Enabled by La-Deficient LaFeO<sub>3</sub>.

ACS sensors·2025
Same author

Chemical tuning of a double double perovskite oxide.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

Anion-Exchange Membrane Electrolysis for Efficient Uranium Extraction from Saline Wastewater.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025
Same journal

Precise Numerical Differentiation of Thermodynamic Functions with Multicomplex Variables.

Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology·2024
Same journal

Characterization of 3-Dimensional Printing and Casting Materials for use in Computed Tomography and X-ray Imaging Phantoms.

Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology·2024
Same journal

On The Quotient of a Centralized and a Non-centralized Complex Gaussian Random Variable.

Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology·2024
Same journal

Fast Methods for Finding Multiple Effective Influencers in Real Networks.

Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology·2024
Same journal

Disinfection of Respirators with Ultraviolet Radiation.

Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology·2024
Same journal

DNA Origami Design: A How-To Tutorial.

Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology·2024
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

9.7K

Multidataset Refinement Resonant Diffraction, and Magnetic Structures.

J Paul Attfield1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2, 1EW and Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Superconductivity, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|July 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Powder diffraction refinements, including Rietveld analysis, are advancing with new methods and software. Recent studies showcase multidataset refinements and combined X-ray/neutron diffraction for complex materials like magnetite and perovskites.

Keywords:
Rietveld refinementcrystal structuremagnetic structuremultidataset refinementmultiphase analysispowder neutron diffractionpowder x-ray diffraction

More Related Videos

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

9.0K
Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography
11:48

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography

Published on: April 24, 2018

15.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

9.7K
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

9.0K
Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography
11:48

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography

Published on: April 24, 2018

15.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Powder diffraction refinement techniques, particularly Rietveld analysis, are crucial for determining crystal structures.
  • Advancements in instrumentation, methodology, and software are expanding the capabilities of these techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the expanding scope of powder diffraction refinements through recent research examples.
  • To showcase the application of multidataset and combined X-ray/neutron diffraction methods.

Main Methods:

  • Multidataset refinement using data from different detectors (e.g., time-of-flight) or experimental conditions (e.g., varying X-ray energies).
  • Combined X-ray and neutron diffraction for detailed structural analysis.
  • Powder neutron diffraction for magnetic structure determination.
  • Rietveld refinement of complex multiphase and magnetic structures.

Main Results:

  • Successful multidataset refinement of the monoclinic superstructure of magnetite (Fe3O4) below the Verwey transition, revealing Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) charge ordering.
  • Application of powder neutron diffraction to solve and refine incommensurate magnetic structures (e.g., FeAsO4, β-CrPO4).
  • Multiphase, multidataset refinement of a phase-separated perovskite (Pr0.35Y0.07Th0.04Ca0.04Sr0.5)MnO3, fitting three distinct low-temperature phases.

Conclusions:

  • Modern powder diffraction techniques, including multidataset and combined X-ray/neutron approaches, are powerful tools for characterizing complex materials.
  • These methods enable detailed investigation of crystal and magnetic structures, including charge ordering and phase separation.