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Premature birth and insulin resistance in infancy: A prospective cohort study

Vikas Payal1, Rakesh Jora1, Pramod Sharma1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Dr. S.N. Medical College, Umaid Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|July 2, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Preterm birth and small for gestational age status are significant risk factors for developing insulin resistance in infancy. These conditions can predict future metabolic health challenges early in life.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Research
  • Metabolic Health
  • Pediatric Endocrinology

Background:

  • Infant insulin sensitivity is crucial for long-term metabolic health.
  • Prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction are potential risk factors for later metabolic dysfunction.
  • Early identification of infants at risk for insulin resistance is essential for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of prematurity and small for gestational age (SGA) status in predicting insulin sensitivity during infancy.
  • To identify key variables that predict insulin resistance in infants.
  • To establish the early development of insulin resistance in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving preterm appropriate for gestational age (AGA), preterm SGA, term SGA, and term AGA infants.
  • Anthropometric assessments were conducted at birth and at 3, 6, and 9 months.
  • Fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin levels were measured at 9 months to calculate insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-2).

Main Results:

  • Preterm AGA, preterm SGA, and term SGA infants exhibited significantly higher insulin resistance compared to term AGA controls.
  • Small for gestational age (SGA) status was a more significant predictor of insulin resistance than gestational age, weight-for-length, or ponderal index.
  • No significant difference in insulin resistance was observed between preterm SGA and preterm AGA infants.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm birth is identified as a significant risk factor for the future development of insulin resistance.
  • Insulin resistance can manifest as early as infancy in infants born preterm.
  • SGA status is a critical predictor of infant insulin resistance, highlighting the importance of monitoring growth and metabolic parameters.
Abstract

Keywords:
Homeostasis model assessmentinsulin resistance indexponderal indexpretermsmall for gestational age

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