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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Introduction to Gene Editing and Manipulation Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology.

Martin Newman1, Frederick M Ausubel1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Current Protocols in Molecular Biology
|July 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology enables precise DNA modifications in plants and animals, revolutionizing biomedical research. This powerful tool offers significant advantages over older methods for genetic engineering.

Keywords:
CRISPRCas9genome editingsgRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Precise genome modification in multicellular organisms was historically challenging.
  • The CRISPR-Cas system, originally a bacterial defense mechanism, has been repurposed for genome engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the CRISPR-Cas system as a novel tool for molecular biology.
  • To highlight the advantages of CRISPR-Cas technology over previous genome editing techniques.
  • To discuss new research opportunities enabled by CRISPR-Cas.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering the type II CRISPR-Cas complex into a versatile genome editing platform.
  • Utilizing the system to create targeted double-stranded DNA breaks in plant and animal genomes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of CRISPR-Cas as a simple and robust method for precise genome editing.
  • Facilitation of tailored genetic changes in genes of interest across species.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas technology represents a significant advancement in genetic engineering.
  • The method offers unprecedented opportunities for biomedical research and the exploration of novel scientific questions.