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Thyroid Function among Breastfed Children with Chronically Excessive Iodine Intakes.

Inger Aakre1,2, Tor A Strand3,4, Trine Bjøro5,6

  • 1Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College, 0130 Oslo, Norway. inger.aakre@hioa.no.

Nutrients
|July 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Excessive iodine intake in Saharawi refugee children led to impaired thyroid function and poor growth. Many young children experienced thyroid disturbances and subclinical hypothyroidism, highlighting a significant public health concern.

Keywords:
breast milk iodinehypothyroidismiodine excessiodine intakethyroglobulinthyroid function testsurinary iodine concentration

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health Nutrition

Background:

  • Iodine excess poses risks to thyroid function and child health.
  • High iodine exposure is a concern in vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess iodine status and thyroid function in breastfed infants with high iodine exposure.
  • To evaluate changes in iodine status and thyroid health over three years.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional studies in 2010 (baseline) and 2013 (follow-up) among children in Saharawi refugee camps.
  • Measured urinary iodine concentration (UIC), breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC), thyroid hormones, and serum thyroglobulin (Tg).

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of excessive iodine intake (88% at baseline, 72% at follow-up).
  • 24% of children showed thyroid disturbance or elevated Tg at follow-up, including subclinical hypothyroidism (9%).
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism was linked to poorer linear growth and increased underweight prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • Excessive iodine intake and thyroid disturbances are prevalent in young children in the study setting.
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism in these children is associated with impaired growth and weight status.