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The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

Pediatric thyroid nodules: A single center experience.

Jason Trahan¹, Abhita Reddy¹, Ellen Chang¹

¹Louisiana State University-Health Science Center, 533 Bolivar Street Suite 566, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

|July 3, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study on pediatric thyroid nodules found that fine needle biopsy (FNB) is effective in diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinoma. The findings align with existing research on nodule prevalence and malignancy rates in children.

Keywords:

FNA Fine needle aspiration Fine needle biopsy Pediatric papillary carcinoma Pediatric thyroid nodule Thyroid carcinoma

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Endocrinology
Surgical Oncology
Diagnostic Pathology

Background:

Thyroid nodules are common in children, with varying malignancy rates.
Accurate diagnostic methods are crucial for appropriate management.
Previous studies highlight differences in pediatric versus adult thyroid nodule characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze institutional experience with pediatric thyroid nodules.
To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of fine needle biopsy (FNB) in this population.
To compare findings with the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines.

Main Methods:

Retrospective chart review of patients under 21 with thyroid nodules.
Inclusion criteria: documented nodules, fine needle aspiration (FNA) and/or thyroidectomy.
Data collected on patient demographics, nodule characteristics, and diagnostic outcomes.

Main Results:

126 pediatric patients identified; 84.1% were female.
53.9% underwent FNA; diagnostic yields included benign (42.6%), non-diagnostic (26.5%), and atypia (13.2%).
Malignancy (papillary and medullary carcinoma) was confirmed in 16.1% of surgically treated patients; FNA showed high positive predictive value for papillary carcinoma.

Conclusions:

Institutional data on pediatric thyroid nodules corroborate existing literature.
Female predominance and malignancy rates align with previous reports.
Fine needle biopsy demonstrated a high positive predictive value for detecting papillary thyroid carcinoma in pediatric patients.