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Indications of pediatric tracheostomy over the last 30 years: Has anything changed?

Ozgul Gergin1, Eelam A Adil2, Kosuke Kawai3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|July 3, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric tracheostomy indications have shifted over 30 years. Cardiopulmonary and neurological conditions now drive tracheostomies, especially in premature infants needing ventilation, replacing infectious causes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Otolaryngology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Pediatric tracheostomy indications have historically varied.
  • Understanding current trends is crucial for resource allocation and patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze the changing indications for pediatric tracheostomy over a 30-year period.
  • To identify the primary drivers for tracheostomy placement in children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of patients undergoing surgical tracheostomy.
  • Analysis of patient data from a tertiary referral children's hospital (1984-2014).
  • Bivariable analysis comparing patient characteristics with tracheostomy indications.

Main Results:

  • 501 patients met inclusion criteria.
  • Cardiopulmonary disease (34%) and neurological impairment (32%) were the most common indications.
  • Over the last five years, cardiopulmonary disease emerged as the leading indication.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric tracheostomy indications have significantly evolved over three decades.
  • Infectious causes have become rare.
  • Tracheostomy is now predominantly performed for cardiopulmonary or neurological issues in premature infants requiring prolonged ventilation.
Abstract

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