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Author Spotlight: Deciphering the Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms of Gesture in Communication
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Where have all the (ape) gestures gone?

Richard W Byrne1, Hélène Cochet2

  • 1School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland. rwb@st-andrews.ac.uk.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|July 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Humans may inherit a legacy of ape gestures, suggesting a potential evolutionary link between primate communication and the origins of human language. Understanding this gestural heritage is key to language evolution debates.

Keywords:
CommunicationGestureGreat apeLanguage origin

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Anthropology
  • Primatology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Shared ancestry with great apes suggests humans possess the biological capacity for a significant repertoire of gestures (60-70).
  • Great ape gestures are intentionally used for specific requests, not as components of structured language.
  • A comparable legacy of shared gestures has not yet been identified in human communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential evolutionary trajectory of "ape gestures" within human communication.
  • To assess the relevance of this gestural legacy to theories on language evolution.
  • To investigate the possibility of a gestural protolanguage stage in human language development.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of gestural communication in humans and great apes.
  • Review of existing literature on primate and human gestural repertoires.
  • Theoretical modeling of gesture evolution and its role in protolanguage.

Main Results:

  • Humans likely share the innate potential for a substantial number of gestures with great apes due to common descent.
  • Evidence for the direct inheritance and use of these specific "ape gestures" in modern human communication is currently lacking.
  • The potential disappearance or transformation of these ancestral gestures in humans is a significant factor in understanding language origins.

Conclusions:

  • The fate of ancestral "ape gestures" offers critical insights into the evolution of human language.
  • Investigating this gestural legacy is crucial for understanding the potential intermediate stages, such as gestural protolanguage, in language evolution.
  • Further research is needed to identify and analyze any residual "ape gestures" in human communication.