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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...

Regulation of Heart Rates

Regulation of Heart Rates

The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

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Advanced Cardiac Rhythm Management by Applying Optogenetic Multi-Site Photostimulation in Murine Hearts

Advanced Cardiac Rhythm Management by Applying Optogenetic Multi-Site Photostimulation in Murine Hearts

Published on: August 26, 2021

Synchronization using environmental coupling in mercury beating heart oscillators.

Tanu Singla¹, Fernando Montoya², M Rivera³

¹Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)

|July 3, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We achieved synchronized behavior in Mercury Beating Heart (MBH) oscillators through environmental coupling. This method uses a shared environment, leading to simultaneous electrical and mechanical synchronization without direct oscillator interaction.

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Area of Science:

Nonlinear Dynamics
Complex Systems
Biophysics

Background:

Mercury Beating Heart (MBH) oscillators exhibit complex behaviors.
Environmental coupling is a mechanism for synchronizing systems without direct interaction.
Understanding synchronization in coupled oscillators is crucial for various scientific fields.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the synchronization of Mercury Beating Heart (MBH) oscillators using environmental coupling.
To explore the role of a modified MBH system as a common environment for oscillator coupling.
To analyze the emergence of lag and complete synchronization in MBH oscillators.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a modified Mercury Beating Heart (MBH) system as the common environment.
Implementing environmental coupling to link MBH oscillators indirectly.
Conducting experimental observations and simulations of phase oscillators.

Main Results:

Simultaneous synchronization of electrical and mechanical activities in MBH oscillators was observed.
Both lag synchronization and complete synchronization emerged due to environmental coupling.
Simulations aided in understanding the experimental findings of oscillator synchronization.

Conclusions:

Environmental coupling is an effective mechanism for achieving synchronization in MBH oscillators.
The modified MBH system serves as a viable common environment for inducing synchronization.
The study demonstrates the feasibility of controlling and synchronizing MBH oscillator activities through indirect coupling.