Gastric luminal digestion of lactoferrin and transferrin by preterm infants

Lactoferrin, a milk iron-binding protein, may play antimicrobial, iron-absorptive and growth-promoting roles in the developing gastrointestinal tract. To perform such functions, lactoferrin must survive digestive processes in the gut lumen in an active form. We investigated the gastric digestion of lactoferrin in addition to that of the other milk proteins, transferrin and casein, in preterm infants by measuring their degradation during incubation in vitro at 37 degrees C with gastric fluid at pH 1.8, 3.2 and 5.8. Fluid was obtained 1 h after a milk feeding, a time of maximum peptic activity, from 12 infants with a mean gestational age of 29.7 +/- 0.8 weeks at birth and a postnatal age of 24.7 +/- 3.2 days at sampling. Hydrolysis of all three proteins as indicated by generation of trichloroacetic acid soluble material from iodinated substrate was maximal at acid pH and declined by greater than 75% at pH 5.8, lactoferrin was less rapidly degraded than casein at low pH and transferrin breakdown was intermediate. Analysis of reaction mixtures by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed degradation of lactoferrin and transferrin to low molecular weight products at pH 3.2 but minimal breakdown at pH 5.8. Several discrete fragments were generated at low pH, including species with molecular weights of 41,000-42,000 which may represent half-molecules. We conclude that dietary lactoferrin and transferrin may be degraded by preterm infant gastric fluid to discrete species, but that hydrolysis may be minimal at the prevailing postprandial pH. Consequently they may be rendered available for possible subsequent biological action within the infant.