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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
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Transcription in Prokaryotes01:28

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Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow...
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Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
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Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach

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Transcription Termination: Variations on Common Themes.

Odil Porrua1, Marc Boudvillain2, Domenico Libri1

  • 1Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|July 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Transcription termination is crucial for cellular function, ensuring only useful RNAs are produced. This review explores diverse strategies prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells use to efficiently stop transcription, revealing common underlying principles.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transcription initiation is pervasive across all organisms, challenging selective expression models.
  • Transcription termination and post-transcriptional events are vital for isolating functional RNAs from non-functional products.
  • The robust nature of transcription elongation necessitates effective mechanisms for termination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diverse strategies employed by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells for transcription termination.
  • To highlight common principles and functional convergence in transcription termination mechanisms.
  • To discuss the importance of timely and efficient dismantling of the elongation complex.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on transcription termination.
  • Comparative analysis of termination strategies in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
  • Identification of conserved mechanisms and evolutionary solutions.

Main Results:

  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells utilize a variety of strategies to terminate transcription.
  • Despite diversity, common principles underlie these termination mechanisms.
  • Functional convergence is observed in solutions for dismantling the elongation complex.

Conclusions:

  • Transcription termination is a critical regulatory step, essential for cellular information processing.
  • Understanding termination mechanisms reveals fundamental biological principles.
  • Convergent evolution has shaped diverse yet effective solutions for transcription termination.