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Senecavirus A.

J Segalés1,2, D Barcellos3, A Alfieri4

  • 11 UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), IRTA-UAB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.

Veterinary Pathology
|July 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Senecavirus A (SVA), initially found in cell cultures, is now recognized as a cause of vesicular disease and mortality in pigs. Its clinical signs mimic other swine diseases, raising concerns for animal health and trade.

Keywords:
Seneca Valley virusSenecavirus Aemerging infectious diseasesfoot and mouth diseasepicornaviruspigvesicular disease

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Picornaviridae Family
  • Oncolytic Virus Research

Background:

  • Senecavirus A (SVA) was first identified in 2002 as Seneca Valley virus 001 (SVV-001) during viral vector research.
  • SVA has been detected in pigs with idiopathic vesicular disease in North America and linked to disease outbreaks in Brazil and the USA.
  • The virus shows potential as an oncolytic agent for human neoplasia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the emerging clinical significance of Senecavirus A in swine.
  • To alert veterinarians and researchers to the diagnostic challenges posed by SVA.
  • To underscore the economic impact and potential trade implications of SVA in the swine industry.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Senecavirus A.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of SVA VP1 gene sequences.
  • Comparison of clinical presentations of SVA with other swine vesicular diseases.

Main Results:

  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clades of SVA, with clade III encompassing recent global isolates.
  • SVA infection in pigs presents with vesicular disease and neonatal mortality, causing significant economic losses.
  • Clinical signs of SVA can be mistaken for other serious swine diseases, including Foot and Mouth Disease.

Conclusions:

  • Senecavirus A represents a recently recognized infectious agent of concern in swine populations.
  • The diagnostic similarity to OIE-listed diseases necessitates increased awareness and accurate identification of SVA.
  • Further research is required to fully understand the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and control of SVA in pigs.